Study Task 2 - Triangulation and Havard Referencing

Triangulation and Referencing Task 

Theme: Society

Focus: Objectification of women in art, design and media.

Book reference (author, year of publish) e.g. “Jones, 2015”	Key points. Key Quotes. Relation to chosen quote.	Additional notes (e.g. for or against)
"Ways of Seeing, John Berger, 2008"	"You painted a naked woman because you enjoyed looking at her, you put a mirror in her hand and you called the painting vanity" "To be naked is to be oneself. To be nude is to be seen naked by others and yet not recognised for oneself. A naked body has to be seen as an object in order to become a nude." "Today the attitudes and values which informed that tradition are exposed through other more widely diffused media - advertising, journalism, television."	When women held a mirror in classical paintings it was actually seen as her making herself into a sight rather than the male spectator. John Berger explains the ways women are portrayed in classical paintings to be seen as a sight for the male spectator, almost as if she's giving herself to him. An object. This has not changed much now but it is seen more in media.
"Media, Gender and Identity, David Gauntlet, 2002"	"The traditional view of a woman as a housewife or low-status worker has been kick boxed out of the picture by the feisty, successful 'girl power' icons." "Men's magazines have an almost obsessive relationship with the socially constructed nature of manhood." "Magazines for young women are empathetic in their determination that women must do their thing." "Radical uncertainties and exciting contradictions are what contemporary media, like modern life is all about."	Could be seen as unreliable as there is now a more updated version (2008). It focuses on the media with homosexuality and genders which could be related to objectification of gay women or transgender women and how media portrays them or ignores their existence completely.
"Notes on the Gaze, Daniel Chandler, 1998"	"To a statistically different degree, women look into the camera more than men." "Pupil dilation can also be a reflection of sexual attraction...photographs of female models in which the pupils have been artificially enlarged." "Men tend to be located higher than women in these ads, symbolically reflecting the routine subordination of women to men in society."	Similar to John Berger's 'Ways of Seeing' speaking of how women are objectified as they appear to be looking outside the image at the (assumed) heterosexual, male spectator.
"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Feminist Perspectives on Objectification, 2010"	"Due to men's consumption of pornography, women as a group are reduced to the status of mere tools for men's purposes." "There is a powerful objectifier on one hand, and the other hand there exists his powerless victim." "Pornography defines women as sexual objects available for men's consumption." "Women's objectification is demanded and inflicted by men in our societies." "She is valued for only how she looks and how she can be used." "The idea that women are mere objects/tools is reinforced through parental pressure, television, popular novels, music videos and fashion."	Similar to the Daniel Chandler article because of how it speaks about how women are portrayed through the media where looks and how she can be used are the main focus.  It could be argued that women choose pornography as a career because they're passionate about it, the issue is the spectator.